Negotiation Analysis or Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia 1860 1900

Negotiation Analysis: The Science and Art of Collaborative Decision Making

Author: Howard Raiffa

This masterly book substantially extends Howard Raiffa's earlier classic, The Art and Science of Negotiation. It does so by incorporating three additional supporting strands of inquiry: individual decision analysis, judgmental decision making, and game theory. Each strand is introduced and used in analyzing negotiations.

The book starts by considering how analytically minded parties can generate joint gains and distribute them equitably by negotiating with full, open, truthful exchanges. The book then examines models that disengage step by step from that ideal. It also shows how a neutral outsider (intervenor) can help all negotiators by providing joint, neutral analysis of their problem.

Although analytical in its approach—building from simple hypothetical examples—the book can be understood by those with only a high school background in mathematics. It therefore will have a broad relevance for both the theory and practice of negotiation analysis as it is applied to disputes that range from those between family members, business partners, and business competitors to those involving labor and management, environmentalists and developers, and nations.

Publishers Weekly

Harvard professor emeritus Raiffa and his co-authors have everything covered in this exhaustive work, which examines the dynamics of win-lose, win-win and multi-party negotiations and throws novel approaches like game theory into the mix. Especially timely is the analysis of "external help," in which the authors evaluate the growing trend of mediation and arbitration. Though its stated goal is to "suggest how people-perhaps you-might negotiate better," that's a bit of wishful thinking; the book, more a mathematics text than a popular guide, isn't designed for a broad-based audience. But it's certainly thorough, with its plethora of decision-making scenarios (e.g., surgery or radiation? invest in a business, or not?) to bring advanced theories to life. And Raiffa (The Art and Science of Negotiation) is one of the deans of the field. 78 line illustrations, 84 tables. (Jan.) Copyright 2003 Cahners Business Information.

Table of Contents:

	Preface
Pt. I	Fundamentals	1
1	Decision Perspectives	3
2	Decision Analysis	14
3	Behavioral Decision Theory	33
4	Game Theory	53
5	Negotiation Analysis	81
Pt. II	Two-Party Distributive (Win-Lose) Negotiations	97
6	Elmtree House	99
7	Distributive Negotiations: The Basic Problem	109
8	Introducing Complexities: Uncertainty	129
9	Introducing Complexities: Time	149
10	Auctions and Bids	165
Pt. III	Two-Party Integrative (Win-Win) Negotiations	191
11	Template Design	195
12	Template Evaluation	213
13	Template Analysis (I)	226
14	Template Analysis (II)	249
15	Behavioral Realities	269
16	Noncooperative Others	288
Pt. IV	External Help	307
17	Mostly Facilitation and Mediation	311
18	Arbitration: Conventional and Nonconventional	328
19	What Is Fair?	348
20	Parallel Negotiations	365
Pt. V	Many Parties	385
21	Group Decisions	389
22	Consensus	407
23	Coalitions	430
24	Voting	450
25	Pluralistic Parties	465
26	Multiparty Interventions	484
27	Social Dilemmas	507
	References	523
	Note on Sources	531
	Index	535

Go to: Governing the Economy or Mexican Americans and the U S Economy

Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900

Author: Roger Lan

In the late nineteenth century, life became more stable and orderly for most American city dwellers, but not for blacks. Roger Lane offers a historical explanation for the rising levels of black urban crime and family instability during this paradoxical era. Philadelphia serves as test case because of the richness of the data: DuBois's classic study, The Philadelphia Negro, newspapers, records of the criminal justice system and other local agencies, and the federal census. The author presents numerical details, along with many examples of the human stories—social and political—behind the statistics.

Lane reveals how social and economic discrimination created a black criminal subculture. This subculture, overlooked by those histories depending on often inaccurate census materials, eroded family patterns, encouraged violence, discouraged efforts at middle-class respectability, and intensified employment problems by adding white fear to the white prejudice that had helped to create it.

Modern crime rates and patterns are shown to be products of a historical culture that can be traced from its formative years to the 1980s. Lane not only charts Philadelphia's story but also makes suggestions regarding national and international patterns.